SONIC TRAIN ADS REMOVAL ACTIVATOR

SWEEPS (Shock Wave Enhanced Emission Photoacoustic Streaming) is a more recent Er:YAG laser modality launched to improve the cleaning and disinfecting efficacy of PIPS technique. This phenomenon produces turbulent photoacoustic agitation of irrigants streaming the fluids three-dimensionally throughout the root canal system and leads to effective removal of smear layer. This vapor bubble collapses after reaching its maximum volume with a subsequent cavitation effect. When an Er:YAG laser is shot in aqueous medium, the irrigants are locally and instantly heated beyond their boiling point and a vapor bubble starts to form at the fiber tipвЂ™s end after each pulse. This technique is based on the high absorption of Er:YAG laser wavelength into water-based irrigants that fill the pulp chamber. Photon-induced photo acoustic streaming (PIPS) is a laser agitation technique, which uses an erbium:yttriumвЂ“aluminum-garnet (Er:YAG) laser at 2940В nm (LightWalker AT Fotona, Ljubljana, Slovenia). Laser activation of irrigants has been introduced in addition to the traditional procedures.

SONIC TRAIN ADS REMOVAL ACTIVATOR

EndoUltra (Vista, Racine, Wisconsin, USA) is a PUI cordless ultrasonic handpiece that features a smooth NiTi activator tip (15/0.02). Passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) relies on the acoustic streaming and cavitation effects, produced by an oscillating ultrasonically driven non-active file, to transport irrigants into the root canal system. EndoActivator (EA) (Dentsply Tulsa Dental Specialties, Tulsa, OK) is a sonic handpiece that uses flexible non-cutting polymer tips to vigorously agitate intracanal irrigants. To enhance the distribution and effectiveness of such irrigants, several activation techniques are currently being used. Therefore, to dissolve both its organic and inorganic component, a post-shaping alternating irrigation with a calcium-chelating agent, such as EDTA and a deproteinizing agent, as NaOCl, is recommended. The persistence of smear layer after root canal instrumentation may lead to several biological and physical shortcomings. Root canal shaping of the endodontic system produces a smear layer, which consists of organic and inorganic substances. One of the most important steps to endodontic success is the thorough instrumentation of the root canal space. In this scenario irrigantsвЂ™ activation may be regarded as a mandatory step to a favourable clinical outcome. Nowadays, contemporary rotary instruments allow fast and minimally invasive shaping of the endodontic space. PIPS and SWEEPS showed the best results in conservative canal preparations. PIPS and SWEEPS obtained better cleanliness result compared to EA, while only PIPS was superior to PUI in terms of cleanliness. At 3, 5 and 8В mm from the apex, every activation technique showed statistically significant reduction of smear layer when compared to the control group. Bonferroni multiple comparison tests were used.ДЄt 1В mm only PIPS and SWEEPS performed better than the control group. Comparison between groups were analysed statistically using the KruskalвЂ“Wallis non-parametric analysis of variance. Blinded evaluation of the presence of smear layer was performed at 1000X magnification, according to a 5-score index system.

Specimens were then split longitudinally and observed by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM).

EDTA (Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) followed by NaOCl (Sodium Hypochlorite) and again EDTA were activated for each test group. Specimens were shaped to TruShape 25/.06 and divided into 5 groups (1 control and 4 test groups) according to the final activation technique (EndoActivator, EA), Ultrasonic (EndoUltra, PUI) and Laser (PIPS and SWEEPS). The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of different irrigants activation methods in removing the smear layer at 1, 3, 5 and 8В mm from the apex from conservatively shaped canals.Д®ighty-five human mandibular premolars were selected. Activation of the irrigants play a key role in the era of minimally invasive endodontics. Irrigation of the pulp space is a mandatory step to get rid of all its organic and inorganic content.

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